Ahmad Mustafa al-Arabi al-Qadri
Contributor, Renaissance · Al-Nahda
Articles by Ahmad Mustafa al-Arabi al-Qadri
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August 2025
Summer 2025 — Al-Andalus
History
The Rise and Fall of al-Andalus
A reading of Islamic Spain's eight-hundred-year arc through the lens of Ibn Khaldun's cyclical theory of sovereignty — and the erosion of asabiyya that brought al-Andalus from beacon to ruin.